Một số công trình nước ngoài nghiên cứu v�? dân tộc Dao (Mien, Iu-Mien, Yao)

Nguồn: http://website.leidenuniv.nl/~haarbjter/yaotext.htm

1. R. Cushman, “Rebel Haunts and Lotus Huts: Problems in the Ethnohistory of the Yao,” (PhD dissertation, Cornell University, 1970). Still the best evaluation of most historical sources and analytical problems.
2. Guangxi yaozu shehui lishi diaocha (Guangxi renmin, Nanning, year behind each separate volume) (I only have relevant fragments as indicated, and the tables of contents of each volume). Contents:
   • I (1984) Dayaoshan in Jinxiu County: 31-78 (Shipai system, incl. many exs.), 79-104 (Yao and Taipings, local rebellions and incidents), 219-292 (family terminology, legends and facts on ethnic origins, very detailed), 328-367 (family system, inheritance, marriage, burial), 367-379 (literature), 392-417 (religious rituals), 417-422 (fortune telling)
   • II (1983) Dayao shan in Jinxiu County: all the songs and stories, both from social and religious life (but out of ritual context)
   • III (1985)
   • IV (1986) Sanjiang region in Gongcheng County: 276-284 (ethnic information), 325-355 (social and religious ritual life)
   • V (1985)
   • VI (1987) Shiwan dashan shanzi yao in Shangsi County: 129-144 (origins group), 229-232 (healing), 233-246 (literature, including importance of singing, p. 240), 247-251 (art), 252-271 (customs, incl. marriage, burial, taboos, etc.), 272-308 (religion, incl. quotes from ritual texts: 272-299; Christianity, 299-306), 416-578 (songs for deities, extensive quotes, but out of ritual context)
   • VII (1986)
   • VIII (1985) complete texts of 89 charters
   • IX (1987) 364-459 (integral religious materials): *Liangyuan chou shu (text to pay back a good vow) 364-387; *Shengjing nanci (recitaton texts in the sacred classic [?]) 389-421; *Panwang sanci (various songs for King Pan) 422-428; *Huanyuan shubian (memorials to return a vow) 429-445; *Xianghuo sanmiao shengwang dashu (great memorial for the sacred kings of the incense fire three temples) 446-454; *Fenghuan dawei yuanpen liangyuan caima pifen (various texts) 455-459.
   • Höllmann, Thomas O.; Friedrich, Michael eds., Handschriften der Yao (Teil I): Bestände der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek München. 2004), mit Beiträgen von Obi, Lucia; Müller, Shing und Götzfried, Xaver (these three person carried out the actual work of cataloguing and describing)
   • Huang Chaozhong, Liang Yaoquan eds., Li Mo corr., Guangdong yaozu lishi ziliao (Guangxi minzu, n.p., 1984) Rreferences in traditional Chinese sources.
   • Hunan yaozu shehui lishi diaocha (Guangxi renmin, Nanning, 1986) (also have a table of contents) Contents: 1-8 (general information), 8-37 (stories, songs), 38-48 (popular uprisings, Song-Qing), 49-60 (various charters), 120-124 (social and religious rituals, very short)
   • Obi, Lucia and Müller, Shing, “Religiöse Schriften der Yao. Überblick über den Bestand der Yao-Handschriften in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek” Nachrichten der Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens 67.1-2 (1996) 39-86. Interesting survey of their materials with a number of analytical remarks. This article was written in the earlier stage of a now (1999) concluded project to catalogue a large collection of Yao manuscripts in the Bayern State Library (München). Their homepage (same as above) contains additional information. The catalogue has recently been completed.
   • Shiratori Yoshirô, Yôjin monjo (Kôdansha, Tôkyô, 1975) Contents: *Pinghuang juandie (Emperor Ping’s charter) 14-20; *Genealogies: 21-42; *Zhaohun shu (text to summon the souls) 44-63; *Chaodu shu (text to set across) 64-93; *Jinyin zhuang shu (book with forms for gold and silver) 94-105, contains model texts for jinyin zhuang (forms for gold and silver), qiancai guan (the pass of money and wealth), cuisheng die (forms to speed up birth), yinyang xian (gifts for the Yin and Yang worlds); *You meishan shu (text of travelling to Mountain Mei) 106-128; *Kaitan shu (text for opening the altar) 129-181; *Jiaotian shu (text for calling heaven) 182-215; *An fenmu shu (texts to settle the grave) 216-250; contains model texts for zucui shu (memorials of ancestors who speed up), xiemu biao (memorials to thank the grave), diqie (land contracts), pidi zha (…), xiemu yin (prologue to thank the grave), xiemu shu (memorials to thank the grave), etc.; *Hongen she shu (text for the great and virtuous pardon) 251-281;*Nüren changge (songs by women) 282-290. See also his articles.

1. Language

1.1. Vocabularies

Note that all Chinese vocabulary lists are organized according to the Han Chinese words, which seems rather cumbersome to me.

1. Sylvia Lombard comp., Herbert C. Purnell jr. ed., Yao-English Dictionary (Cornell University, Data Paper 69, Ithaca, 1968). Compiled by missionary, based on Yao language of Iu Mien in the Yao villages of Chiang Rai in Thailand. According to Purnell’s Introduction (p. x), this language is closest to the Tai-pan variant. Arranged from Yao to English and including rich set of examples in sentence context. (not seen)
2. Chao Zongqi, Guangdong liannan youling bapai yao yuyan gaiyao (Huadong shifan daxue, Shanghai, 1990) Detailed vocabulary of Yao language among the Bapai Yao in Guangdong.
3. Mao Zongwu, Meng Chaoji, Zheng Zongze comp., Yaozu yuyan jianzhi (Minzu, Beijing, 1982). Detailed vocabulary of the three language variants.
4. Miaoyao yu fangyan cihuiji (Zhongyang minzu xueyuan, Beijing, 1987). Dictionary for seven language variants, organized around Han Chinese: Miao (Eastern Guizhou), Miao (Western Hunan), Miao (Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan), Miao (Northeastern Yunnan), Bunu Yao, Mian Yao, Biaomin Yao.
5. Wong S.L., see below.

1.2. Linguistic work

1. Chao Zongqi, Guangdong liannan youling bapai yao yuyan gaiyao (Huadong shifan daxue, Shanghai, 1990). Detailed description and vocabulary of Yao language among the Bapai Yao in Guangdong. I have not yet figured out how to use this book.
2. Downer, Gordon B. “The Relationship between the Yao and the Miao Languages”, in: Lemoine (1991) 39-45. Expert on Yao phonology, has published several articles on this topic since 1961.
3. Mao Zongwu, Meng Chaoji, Zheng Zongze comp., Yaozu yuyan jianzhi (Minzu, Beijing, 1982). Describes Mian, Bunu and Lajia language variants. Includes survey where which language variant based on indigenous terminology, 5-8. Mian is classified as Yao subgroup and Bunu as Miao subgroup of Miao/Yao group. Lajia as Dongshui subgroup of Dong group. Mian grammar has many similarities with Han Chinese, the other two are much more different. Already before 1949 Mian had most vocabulary borrowings from Han Chinese, Lajia only slightly less, whereas Bunu underwent Zhuang influence. Also detailed vocabulary of the three language variants.
4. Barbara Niederer, Les langues Hmong-Mjen (Miáo-Yáo): Phonologie historique (München: Lincom Europa, 1998). Niederer presents all dialects for which we have a linguistic description. She also gives an analysis of phonemes for some dialects. She compares several reconstructions of proto Hmong-Mjen. In an appendix she gives a list of all the names for Hmong-Mjen languages/dialects, as well as the places where they are spoken. Good and extensive bibliography.
5. Pan Chengqian, “Yao Dialectology”, in” Lemoine (1991) 47-70. Convenient description phonetics, tones, word order.
6. Purnell, Herbert C., “The Metrical Structure of Yiu Mien Secular Songs”, in: Lemoine (1991) 369-396. Collaborated during fieldwork in Northern Thailand with R.Cushman, stresses importance Chinese written texts for identity Yiu Mien. Distinguishes three core languages, vernacular (VL; or Mien), literary (LL; close to Cantonese) and ritual (RL; traditional written style), of which LL and RL are two variants of Chinese. Besides these also Southwestern Mandarin (Yunnanese) and trade languages.
7. Shi Shenghan ¥Û�?nº~ “Yao ge Þ­ºq” Guoli zhongshan daxue yuyan lishixue yanjiusuo zhoukan, 1928 (4: nrs. 46-47) (republ. as vol. 2 of Guoli beijing daxue zhongugo minsu xuehui Minsu congshu zhuanhao, Taibei 1974), Yaoshan diaocha yanjiu 34-123. Yao songs in Chinese characters and alphabetic transcription.
8. Zee Yunyang, “A Comparison of Ba Pai Yao and Guoshan Yao Tones”, in : Lemoine (1991) 71-86. Strictly on tones.

2. History and society

2.1. Bibliographical surveys

1. Condominas, Georges “The First French Publications on the Yao”, in: Lemoine (1991) 577-588; On Auguste Bonifacy a.o. who were mainly active in northern parts of Vietnam (then Tonkin).
2. Maruyama Hiroshi, “Yô zoku to dôkyô: chûgoku ni okeru shûhen shôsû minzoku no dôkyô jûyô o megutte”, in: Shikyô, 12 (1986) 10-18, followed by Okuma Makoto ?, “Komento”, 19-21. Insightful survey of secondary literature, best introduction to the field.
3. Liu Yaoquan and Hu Qiwang, “1949-1984 nian woguo yaozu yanjiu zongshu”, in: Qiao Jian, Xie Jian, Hu Qiwang eds., Yaozu yanjiu lunwen ji** (Minzu: Gaocheng, 1988) 10-36 and bibliography 240-254. Bibliographical article, with detailed Chinese bibliography at the end of the volume. Also see English version in Lemoine (1991) 507-575, which is very accessible.

2.2. General works

a. Please note that there are two works with the same title, Hu Qiwang and Hua Zugen eds., Yaozu yanjiu lunwen ji* (1985) and Qiao Jian, Xie Jian, Hu Qiwang eds., Yaozu yanjiu lunwen ji** (1988). The latter is the Chinese version (with less papers) of Qiao Jian (Ch’iao Chien) and Jacques Lemoine (1991).

b. There is a huge ethnographic literature by the Chinese, but usually each article is very short and as a result also repetitive. In depth religious studies are scarce. I have not attempted to include any article with some minor comments on religion. Furthermore, they are published in hard to get journals.

1. Chiao Chien (see under: Qiao Jian)
2. R. Cushman, “Rebel Haunts and Lotus Huts: Problems in the Ethnohistory of the Yao,” (PhD dissertation, Cornell University, 1970). Still the best evaluation of most historical sources and analytical problems.
3. Fei Xiaotong, “Fifty Years Investigation in the Yao Mountains”, in: Lemoine (1991) 17-36. Basically translation of the preface to Hu Qiwang and Fan Honggui, Pancun yaozu (Minzu, no place, 1983) qv.
4. R.F. Fortune, “Yao Society: A Study of a Group of Primitives in China”, Lingnan Science Journal 18 (1939). Series of reports on fieldwork on Yao groups in Northwest Guangdong, Lianzhou, Yao Mountain, Youling pai (third of the eight pai, originally from Southern Hunan). Despite its title this is a useful survey of local society, including the awareness that the Yao also practiced a form of Daoist rituals. Crash survey of one month in the summer of 1938, led by R.F. Fortune as editor of Department of Sociology of Lingnan University, S.L. Wong (dep. of Chinese) and number of students without anthropology training. * R.F. Fortune, “Introduction to Yao Culture”, 343-355. Fortune is extremely disparaging on Yao religion in this introduction and in his editorial notes to each article; * C.B. Lee, “Local History, Social Organization and Warfare”, 357-369, includes myth of origin; * K.K. Lee, “The Yao Family in Birth, Marriage and Death”, 371-382; * K.Y. Lin, “The Economics of Yao Life”, 409-423; *S.L. Wong, “Phonetics and Phonology of the Yao Language: Description of the Yau-ling Dialect”, 425-455, including a map and list of Yao place names, a most useful vocabulary English to Yao. Same grammatical structure Yao and Chinese (?).
5. Halliday, Simon “From an Unfinished Notebook: Preliminary Research on the Yao in Chiang Rai”, Journal of the Siam Society 66: 1 (1978) 112-125. By anthropologist who died of an accident during fieldwork. Mainly first survey of village, little on religion.
6. He Guangyue, Nanman yuanliu shi (Jiangxi jiaoyu, Nanchang, 1988, 1992). Survey of southern non-Han tribes and peoples. Quotes sources from oracle bones to Qing. Bad historiography, good for all kinds of sources.
7. Laura Hostetler, Qing colonial enterprise : ethnography and cartography in early modern China(Chicago [etc.] : University of Chicago Press, 2001). Strong on maps, but weak on the underlying minorities (exs. Gelao as descending from the Zhulao and still being called Gelaok, whereas they call themselves something similar to Klau and were once called Lao, because that was then still pronounced Klao! Similar for the Yao. )
8. Hsieh Jiann, “A Preliminary Study of the Endogamous System of the Pai Yao in Lian Nan, Guangdong, China”, in: Lemoine (1991) 205-227. Intermarriage among the Yao.
9. Hu Qiwang, “A Preliminary Study of Yao Shifting Cultivation”, in: Lemoine (1991) 251-272. On the typical Yao slash-and-burn system of agriculture.
10. ——— and Fan Honggui, Pancun yaozu (Minzu: Beijing, 1983). First full-length anthropological survey of a Yao village in the Dayaoshan area, Jinxiu County. Weak on religion, otherwise quite useful. Hu is a major Yao scholar. Chinese preface by Fei Xiaotong, q.v.
11. ——– and Hua Zugen eds., Yaozu yanjiu lunwen ji* (Zhongnan minzu xueyuan minzu yanjiusuo, 1985; PLACE?)
12. ——–, Qiao Jian, Xie Jian eds., Yaozu yanjiu lunwen ji** (Minzu, Gaocheng, 1988). Comments under Qiao Jian.
13. Huang Shuguang a.o., Yaozu wenxue shi (Guangxi renmin: Naning, 1988). Survey of traditional (recorded recently, but presumed to be old), recent (Opium War until May Fourth) and twentieth century literature. Only copies of traditional section. Religion mainly as factor in preservation literature, no contextual study.
14. Jao Tsung-yi see: Rao Zongyi
15. Jonsson, Hjorleifur, “Moving House: Migration and the Place of the Household on the Thai Periphery”, Journal of the Siam Society 87.1 & 2 (1999) 99-118. Based on extensive fieldwork among the Yao in Thailand in the early 1990s.
16. ——–, “Yao Minority Identity and the Location of Difference in the South China Borderlands”, Ethnos 65:1 (2000) 56-82.
17. ——–, “Yao Collectibles”, Journal of the Siam Society 88.1&2 (2000) 222-231, bookreview of various Western publications concerning objects, books and paintings of the Yao, including Lemoine (1982) and Höllmann and Friedrich (1999).
18. ——–, “Does the House Hold? History and the Shape of Mien (Yao) society”, Ethnohistory 48: 4 (2991) 613-654.
19. Kandre, Peter “Autonomy and Integration of Social Systems: The Iu Mien (”Yao” or “Man”) Mountain Population and their Neighbors”, in: Peter Kunstadter ed., Southeast Asian tribes, Minorities, and Nations (Princeton UP, Princeton, 1967) Vol. II: 583-638. Good fieldwork and perceptive analysis. Specifically on Yao groups with certain socio-economic-ritual system.
20. ——– “Yao (Iu Mien) Supernaturalism, Language, and Ethnicity” in: David J. Banks, Changing Identities in Modern Southeast Asia (Mouton, The Hague, 1976) 171-197. Good fieldwork and perceptive analysis, important comments on language aspects.
21. ——— “Passing through the Countries, the Years and Life” in: Lemoine (1991) 273-310. Much attention to the Yao’s own cultural and religious construction of realities.
22. Lai Caiqing, “Social Change in the Lian Nan Yao”, in: Lemoine (1991) 485-505. Fairly general.
23. Lemoine, Jacques, Yao Ceremonial Paintings (White Lotus, Bangkok, 1982). Important survey of Yao ceremonial paintings, used during their rituals. Deficient on the side of historical analysis, iconography and Daoism background. Review by Jonsson.
24. ———, “Yao Culture and Some Other Related Problems”, in: Lemoine (1991) 591-612. Raises some interesting questions, such as the matter of groups with non-Yao languages claiming to be Yao (consider also the “Miao” of Hainan!).
25. and Chiao Chien eds., The Yao of South China: Recent International Studies (Pangu, Paris, 1991)Essays of the First International Colloquium on Yao Studies (Hong Kong, 1986), all papers, either in original English version or translated from Chinese. Chinese papers only Qiao Jian, Xie Jian, Hu Qiwang eds., Yaozu yanjiu lunwen ji** (Minzu, Gaocheng, 1988). I have indexed the titles separately (as far as I have made copies).
26. ——— and Chiao Chien, “Introduction” Lemoine (1991) 1-14.
27. Li Mo, “The Ancient Distribution of the Yao in Guangdong”, in: Lemoine (1991) 145-173. Includes a map with the net results of this investigation, based on place names, local histories, poems and such. Interesting observation that Cantonese say “crossing the sea” for “crossing a large river”.
28. Li Xiaowen, “Study of the Pai Yao Dresses and Ornaments”, in: Lemoine (1991) 421-456. Includes illustrations, but also reform proposal to change their clothing!
29. Litzinger, Ralph A. “Memory work: reconstituting the ethnic in post-Mao China”, Cultural Anthropology 13:.2 (1998) 224-255 (not seen)
30. Lizinger, Ralph, “Crafting the Modern Ethnic: Yao Representation and Identity in Post-Mao China (Nationalism)”, (University of Washington PhD Dissertation 1994)
31. Lizinger, Ralph A., “Dissecting a Sparrow”: Ethnology, Locality, and the Study of the Jinxiu Yao”, in: Jiang Bin and He Cuipeng eds., Disanjie guoji hanxue huiyi lunwenji: Guojia, shichang yu mailuo hua de zuqun (Zhongyang yanjiuyuan Minyuxue yanjiusuo: Taibei, 2003) 339-381.
32. Liu Biaoyun, “Social Change in the Liannan Yao Autonomous County in Guangdong: an Analysis Based on Population Structure”, in: Lemoine (1991) 467-484. Fairly general.
33. Jeffery L. MacDonald, “Transnational Aspects of Iu-Mien (Yao) Refugee Identity,” Crossroads 1(2) (1992): 9-16 (not seen).
34. ——————–, “Reuniting the White Ox Horn: Transnational Aspects of Iu-Mien Refugee Identity,” (Ph.D. dissertation, New School for Social Research, 1993; with UMI). (not seen)
35. ————————, Transnational Aspects of Iu-Mien Refugee Identity (New York: Garland Publishing, 1997) (not seen).
36. ——————–, “The Role of Christian Missionaries In Forging A Transnational Identity among Iu-Mien (Yao) Refugees,” In: Ruth Krulfeld and Diane Baxter eds., Selected Papers on Refugees and Immigrants (American Anthropological Association: Arlington, VA, 1997) (not seen)
37. ——————–, ‘”We Are the Experts”: A Case of Iu-Mien (Yao) Refugees Asserting Their Rights as Scholars of Their Own Culture’, In Ruth Krulfeld and Jeffery L. MacDonald eds., Human Rights and Refugee Research: Issues of Power and Empowerment (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998). (not seen)
38. Pan Caiwan, “Distribution and Origin of the Yao in Ru Yuan”, in: Lemoine (1991) 174-188. Based on local sources; not very informative.
39. Pang Xinmin, “Guangdong beijiang yaoshan zaji”, Guoli zhongyang yanjiuyuan lishi yuyan yanjiusuo 2: 4 (Beiping, 1932) 471-514. Author had come with a biology expedition in 1932 from Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou for about 10 weeks. Did his Yao research in his spare time. Deals with Yao community in Qujiang County in Northwestern Guangdong. General ethnographic survey, including some cursory remarks on religion and some interesting documents.
40. ——–, “Guangxi yaoshan diaocha zaji”, Guoli zhongyang yanjiuyuan lishi yuyan yanjiusuo 4: 1 (Beiping, 1932) 45-82. Author had come with a biology expedition in 1928 from Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou. No information on length stay, but most likely similar to his later stay. Stationed in Guchen village, on Yao Mountain (in Guangxi). General ethnographic survey, including some cursory remarks on religion and some interesting documents.
41. ——–, Liangguang yaoshan diaocha (Zhonghua shuju, Shanghai, 1935). Reprints the two 1932 articles, without further changes or additions. (also available as vol. 2 of Guoli beijing daxue zhongugo minsu xuehui Minsu congshu zhuanhao, Taibei 1974).
42. ———, see: Jiang Zhefu a.o.
43. Pourret, Jess G. , The Yao: The Mien and Mun Yao in China, Vietnam,. Laos and Thailand (Chicago: Art Media Resources, 2002). This is quite an extraordinary book that introduces all aspects of Yao culture through a broad selection of photographs of artifacts, textual materials, and people (including historical pictures). Surpasses all existing collections of this kind.
44. Pu Chaojun and Guo Zhu eds., Zhongguo yaozu fengtu zhi (Beijing daxue, Beijing, 1992). Huge collective survey of customs, folklore, religion etc. Divided by topic and by Yao tribe. Despite its ambitious set-up, there are also problems: no clear indication when something is done in Yao or Chinese, extremely concise on language, boring to read. Treats Yao as meaningful unit, whereas their own material indicates this might be problematic: different Yao groups speak fundamentally different languages, by no means all Yao groups have same Pan Hu legend and not all groups have Daoism.
45. Qiao Jian (Chiao Jian), “Principles of Yao Kinship”, in: Lemoine (1991) 191-203.
46. ———, Xie Jian, Hu Qiwang eds., Yaozu yanjiu lunwen ji** (Minzu, Gaocheng, 1988). The English version is to be preferred for the articles for which it is available.
47. ——– and Jacques Lemoine eds., The Yao of South China: Recent International Studies (Pangu, Paris, 1991). See above.
48. Rao Zongyi (Jao Tsong-yi), “Taiguo ‘Yaoren wenshu’ du houji”, in: Qiao Jian, Xie Jian, Hu Qiwang eds., Yaozu yanjiu lunwen ji** (Minzu, Gaocheng, 1988) 37-45. Study on the charters, including references to Mountain Mei. Also see English translation in Lemoine (1991) 125-144.
49. Ren Guorong ¥ô°ê˜€, “Yaoshan liangxue shicha ji Þ­¤s¨â¤ëµø¹î°O” in: Guoli zhongshan daxue yuyan lishixue yanjiusuo zhoukan, 1928 (4: nrs. 46-47) (republ. as vol. 2 of Guoli beijing daxue zhongugo minsu xuehui Minsu congshu zhuanhao, Taibei 1974), Yaoshan diaocha yanjiu, 1–33. Relatively superficial notes upon visiting Yao communities.
50. Ruan Kesong (original in Vietnamese as Nguyen Khac Tung), Liang Hongfen trsl. Yuenan de yaoren (in: Minzu yanjiu cankao ziliao, Guizhousheng minzu yanjiusuo: Guiyang, 1983). General survey, 1-23; social life, 58-71; social and religious rituals, 72-95; literature, language 97-106.
51. Shiratori Yoshirô, Kanan bunkashi kenkyû (Rocco, Tôkyô, 1985). Sections on the charters, 492-503 (original 1972), 504-523 (1972); formation of an ethnic group, 524-533 (original 1976); Yao texts and their religion, 534-547 (1974). His fieldwork was carried out from Sophia University, material preserved there too.
52. Song Enchang, “The Family System and it’s [sic] Ethos among the Yao of Yunnan”, in: Lemoine (1991) 229-247. Marriage ceremony, family organisation, Daoism and the Yao.
53. Standifer, James A. “The Folksongs, Dance and Culture of the Yao Nationality”, in: Lemoine (1991) 349-368. Fieldwork through active participation in local culture, including working in the paddies! Also recorded much on religion and shigong activites, but not in the article.
54. Stubel, J. “The Yao of the Province of Kuangtung”, Monumenta Serica 3 (1938) 345-384. Not seen.
55. Tang Hui, “The Yao in China Today”, in: Lemoine (1991) 459-466. Bla.
56. Tapp, Nicholas C.T., “Housing Structure AMong the Yao of Tategang”, Monumenta Serica 38 (1988-1989) 115-133. Interesting, including location altar, geomancy, etc.
57. —————, “Reflections on fieldwork among the Yao”, in: Chiao, Chien; Tapp, Nicholas; Ho, Kam-yin, eds. New Asia Academic Bulletin, v. 8, 1989. (Special issue on ethnicity & ethnic groups in China) 225-231 (not seen, the author is an expert on Hmong/Yao)
58. Wang Xingrui, Hainan dao zhi miaoren (Zhuhai daxue bianji weiyuanhui; Guangzhou, 1948). Actually, these Miao are Yao. Table of contents and map (1), origins and Pan charter (1-4; descendants of soldiers from Guangxi), language (6-7; shows they are Lanzhan? Yao), questions of Yao-Miao (7-9 etc. no copies), Chinese language genealogy (31-32) land contract (38-40), customs (46-53), religion (54-69; Yao paintings, pantheon, scriptures).
59. Xu Wenqing, “Myths and Legends of the Lian Nan Ba Pai Yao”, in: Lemoine (1991) 397-420. Typical Chinese style article, starts with usual generalities on Yao history, then cursory topically organized discussion. No bibliography.
60. Yang Heshu, Li Anmin, Chen Shulian, Bapai wenhua (Zhongshan daxue, Canton, 1990). Detailed study of Bapai Yao culture; festivals, 107-117; special form of chair burial, 118-126; religion, 127-147; myths, folk literature etc., 150-166.
61. CHECK Yang Heshu, “Guangdong ge minzu zhong hezhong zongjiao xinyang yuanliu qianshuo”, Zhongshan daxue xuebao, Zhesheban 1986: 4.

2.3. Charters

1. ter Haar, Barend J. “A New Interpretation of the Yao Charters,” Paul van der Velde and Alex McKay eds., New Developments in Asian Studies (London: Kegan Paul International, 1998) 3-19
2. Huang Yu, “Yaozu ‘pinghuang juandie’ chutan”, in: Qiao Jian, Xie Jian, Hu Qiwang eds., Yaozu yanjiu lunwen ji** (Minzu, Gaocheng, 1988) 46-62. Detailed study on the charters. Translation in Lemoine (1991) 89-123.
3. Jonsson (1999), (2000) various articles directly relevant to this issue, including extensive fieldwork by the author in the early 1990s.
4. Li Weixin, “Shilun yaozu ‘guoshan bang’”, in: Hu Qiwang and Hua Zugen eds., Yaozu yanjiu lunwen ji* (Zhongnan minzu xueyuan minzu yanjiusuo, 1985; PLACE?) 146-157. Short study on charters.
5. Victor H. Mair, “Canine Conundrums: Eurasian Dog Ancestor Myths in Historical and Ethnic Perspective”, Sino-Platonic Papers 87 (1998). Very useful paper on the dog-myth complex of Panhu that takes many cues from phonological reconstructions.
6. Shiratori Yoshirô, Kanan bunkashi kenkyû. Section on charters, 492-503 (original 1972). See above.
7. White, David Gordon, Myths of the Dog-Man (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1991). Important study of the tale of the dog-man, including Pan Hu etc. Chinese material based on trsl. by Robert Campany and secondary scholarship. Lovely book.
8. Xu Renyao and Hu Qiwang, “Yaozu ‘guoshan bang’ xi”, in: Hu Qiwang and Hua Zugen eds., Yaozu yanjiu lunwen ji* (Zhongnan minzu xueyuan minzu yanjiusuo, 1985; Wuhan) 131-145. Short study on the charters.

2.4. Religion

1. Chob Kacha-Ananda “The religious life of the Yao people of northern Thailand: some introductory remarks”, Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography no.5 (1986) 43-65 (not seen)
2. David Holm, “Ritual and ritual theatre in Liuzhou, Guangxi,” Minsu quyi 84 (1993) 225-293. Rich in information, important remarks about the general spread of Meishan Daoist ritual traditions across southern China.
3. Jiang Yingliang, “Guangdong yaoren zhi zongjiao xinyang ji qi jingzhou”, in: Guangdong beijiang yaoren diaocha baogao zhuanhao (special issue of Minsu, 1.3 (1937)) 1-40 (republished in: Xi’nan bianjiang minzu congbian, Xinwenfeng, Taibei, 1978). Probably the first serious study of Yao religious life, including its Daoist aspects. He is very clear about the limitations of his study, the lack of actual rituals witnessed and the problems in understanding the texts. The special issue also contains other articles on different aspects of Yao culture.
4. Jiang Zhefu, “Ji Guangdong beijiang yaoshan huangdong yaoren zhi jianjiao”, Guoli zhongyang yanjiuyuan lishi yuyan yanjiusuo 4: 1 (Beiping, 1932) 83-88. Includes some interesting details on historical background priest. No awareness of Daoist background.
5. Jiang Zhefu, Zhang Ji, Pang Xinmin, “Bai wang”, Guoli zhongyang yanjiuyuan lishi yuyan yanjiusuo 4: 1 (Beiping, 1932) 89-119. Extremely detailed and useful description of ritual for King Pan. No awareness of Daoist background.
6. Jonsson (1999), (2000) is especially relevant on the relationship between Yao migration, ritual and the charters, including extensive fieldwork by the author in the early 1990s.
7. K.K. Lee, “The Yao Family in Birth, Marriage and Death”, 371-382 (in: R.F. Fortune, “Yao Society: A Study of a Group of Primitives in China”, Lingnan Science Journal 18 [1939]) Also useful remarks on religious festivals. Unlike Fortune, the author shows due respect for religion.
8. Lemoine, Jacques, Yao Ceremonial Paintings (White Lotus, Bangkok, 1982). Important survey of Yao ceremonial paintings, used during their rituals. Deficient on the side of historical analysis, iconography and Daoism background.
   ——————, “The turtle symbol in Yao kwatang and tousai ordinations”, Hong Kong Anthropology Bulletin no.3 (1989) 9-13 (not seen)
9. Liang Jian{dao?}, “Yuebei ruyuan yaoren de zongjiao xinyang”, in: Minsu II: 1-2 (1943) 16-23+?. Short descriptive article on Yao religion.
10. Miles, Douglas “Yao spirit mediumship and heredity versus reincarnation and descent in Pulangka” Man 13, no.3 (1978) 428-443 (not seen)
11. Obi, Lucia and Müller, Shing, “Religiöse Schriften der Yao. Überblick über den Bestand der Yao-Handschriften in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek” Nachrichten der Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens 67.1-2 (1996) 39-86. See above.
12. Pu Chaojun and Guo Zhu eds., Zhongguo yaozu fengtu zhi (Beijing daxue, Beijing, 1992). See above.
13. Shiratori Yoshirô, Kanan bunkashi kenkyû. Section on Yao texts and their religion, 534-547 (1974). See above.
14. Strickmann, Michel “History, Anthropology, and Chinese Religion,” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 40 (1980), pp. 201-248, esp. p. 230.
15. ————”The Tao among the Yao: Taoism and the Sinification of South China”, in: Rekishi ni okeru minshû to bunka- Sakai Tadao sensei koki jukuga kinen ronshû (Kokusho kankôkai, Tôkyô, 1982) 23-30. Though still superficial, important as only contribution to date by Daoism scholar. Posits link with Song Tianxin ritual tradition, which we know spread widely in Hunan and Guangxi.
16. W.C.Wang, “Yao Religion and Education”, 397-408 (in: R.F. Fortune, “Yao Society: A Study of a Group of Primitives in China”, Lingnan Science Journal 18 [1939]) Very useful; complains rightfully about bad quality texts; curious comment on eating dogs, despite their descent myths! Aware of the Daoist background of Yao rituals. Unlike Fortune, the author shows due respect for religion. Very useful remarks on learning how to read and write Chinese.
17. Yang Minkang and Yang Xiaoxun, Yunnan Yaozu daojiao ke yi yinyue, (Taibei: Xinwenfeng chuban gongsi , 2000) (series: Zhongguo chuantong yishi yinyue yanjiu jihua xilie congshu ; 17). The only book that I know of which actually describes Yao ritual, rather than merely providing texts or general comments. Its main focus is ritual music, but the section on ritual is quite detailed and interesting.
18. Yang Tingshuo, Jiang Yongxing, “Baiku yao chuantong xinyang zhaishen pouxi”, in: Hu Qiwang and Hua Zugen eds., Yaozu yanjiu lunwen ji* (Zhongnan minzu xueyuan minzu yanjiusuo, 1985; PLACE?) 473-480. Superficial article on worship of object in tree.
19. Zhang Jingsong, “Yaozu dujie diaocha ji chutan”, Minsu quyi, 83 (1993) 41-64. Useful article, which describes dujie ceremony in Lanshan County in Hunan in 1989. Remains descriptive and is old fashioned in approach (primitive religion bla bla).
20. —————— & Zhao Qun, “Hunan sheng Lanshan xian Huiyuan xiang Yaozu dujie keyi”, Minsu quyi, 100 (1996) 53-122. Continues the 1993 article, with much detail, quotations and pictures.
21. —————— , “Hunan Ningyuan xian Jiuyi shan Biaoshu Chong Yaomin huanjiayuan chutan”, Minsu quyi, 103 (1996 )71-112. Again factual description of ritual.
22. Zhang Qiaogui, “Jinxiandai Yaozu zongjiao de daojiaohua ji qi tedian,” Zongjiao xue yanjiu 26 (1994:4) 32-39. Not yet read, but suggests that Yao religion should not be equalled with Daoist religion. Furthermore, discusses the Daoicisation of Yao religion as a historical process. Interesting and valuable critical points.
23. Zhang Youjuan, “Yaozu zongjiao xinyang shilue”, in: Hu Qiwang and Hua Zugen eds., Yaozu yanjiu lunwen ji* (Zhongnan minzu xueyuan minzu yanjiusuo, 1985; Wuhan) 456-472. Disappointing article by “the expert”.
24. ——–, “Yaozu yuanshi zongjiao tanyuan”, in: Song Sichang ed., Zhongguo shaoshu minzu zongjiao (Yunnan renmin, Kunming, 1985) 380-395. General survey of Yao religion, remains superficial.
25. ——–, “Shiwan dashan Yaozu daojiao xinyang qianshi”, in: Qiao Jian, Xie Jian, Hu Qiwang eds., Yaozu yanjiu lunwen ji** (Minzu, Gaocheng, 1988) 75-90. Useful survey article of Daoism under the Yao, incl. many titles of texts. Also see English translation in: Lemoine (1991) 311-346.
26. ——–, “Zhongguo yaoren wenshu ji qi yanjiu”, in: Guangxi minzu xueyuan xuebao, Zhexue shehuixue ban (1990: 3) 25-28, 81. Short survey of the kind of written literature the Yao have. Includes some useful historical references to Yao texts by Chinese authors from Ming onwards.